Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.Ĩth edition, volume 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.Įmsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.Įmsley, John. KGaA, 2005.Įbbing, Darrell D., and Steven D. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. Computational Chemistry of Solid State Materials. London: Taylor & Francis, 2002.ĭronskowski, Richard. Understanding the Properties of Matter, 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.ĭe Podesta, Michael. The Elements: Their Origin, Abundance and Distribution. "Artificially Radioactive Element 85." Physical Review, volume 58, number 8, 1940, pp. 672–678. "Covalent Radii Revisited." Dalton Transactions, number 21, 2008, pp 2832–2838. Platero-Prats, Marc Revés, Jorge Echeverría, Eduard Cremades, Flavia Barragán, and Santiago Alvarez. Cambridge: RSC Publishing, 2005.Ĭordero, Beatriz, Verónica Gómez, Ana E. Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations 2005. New York:Ĭonnelly, Neil G., Ture Damhus, Richard M. Atoms with 37 to 86 Electrons." Journal of Chemical Physics, volume 47, number 4, 1967, pp. 1300–1307. "Atomic Screening Constants from SCF Functions. "Fluorescence Yields and Coster–Kronig Probabilities for the Atomic L Subshells." Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Part II: The L1 Subshell Revisited." Atomicĭata and Nuclear Data Tables, volume 95, number 1, 2009, pp. 115–124. "Fluorescence Yields and Coster–Kronig Probabilities for the Atomic L Subshells. Calculation and Conversion to Pauling Units." Journal of ChemicalĮducation, volume 65, number 1, 1988, pp. 34–41. "Revised Mulliken Electronegativities: I. "Elemental Etymology: What's in a Name?" Journal of Chemical Education, volume 62, number 9, 1985, pp. 787–788. ![]() "Binding Energies in Atomic Negative Ions: III." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 28, number 6, 1999, pp. 1511–1533.īall, David W. Neither of these claims panned out and the two names have become mere footnotes in the history of science.References (Click the next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)Īndersen, T., H. The team proposed the name anglo-helvetium. Another such claim is a 1942 one by an Anglo-Swiss team that they had discovered element 85 in nature, a decay product of Thorium A. In 1930, a team at the Alabama Polytechnic Institute claimed to have discovered element 85, and in 1932 they proposed the name alabamine and the symbol Am for the element. There were several earlier claims for discovery of element 85 that were later disproven, but the names from those mistaken finds can sometimes be found in older chemical literature. The corresponding chemical symbol proposed is “At.” Astatine is, in fact, the only halogen without stable isotopes. It has been pointed out to us that a name should now be given to this new element, and following the system by which the lighter halogens, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, have been named, namely by modifying a Greek adjective denoting some property of the substance in question, we propose to call element 85 “astatine”, from the Greek ἅστατος, unstable. cyclotron of the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California.Īt that time we established several chemical properties of element 85 and we made a fairly complete nuclear study of the isotope formed. In 1940, we prepared the isotope of mass 211 of element 85 by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles accelerated in the 60-in. The team proposed the name astatine and the symbol At in a letter published in the 4 January 1947 issue of Nature: Several years later, it was discovered in nature, although its occurrence in nature is extremely rare. Astatine, element 85, was first produced in 1940 by Dale Corson, Kenneth MacKenzie, and Emilio Segrè in the cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley.
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